Exercise library

Cardio Exercises for the Gym, Home and Outdoors

Updated 29 August 2026

Cardiovascular fitness is the part of training you notice outside the gym — climbing three flights of stairs, carrying shopping the last few hundred metres, keeping pace on a long walk. Inside it, the same quality shows up as recovery: how fast your breathing settles between hard sets. Most of the work here is labelled simply as cardio, though Jump Rope also loads the calves and feet, and the Burpee asks the whole body to work at once.

These six sit under one pattern — cardio and conditioning — because they train the same system, but they occupy opposite ends of an intensity range. Brisk Walk, Incline Treadmill Walk and Stationary Cycling are steady work: an effort you hold for twenty minutes or more, hard enough that talking takes noticeable effort. Jump Rope, Burpee and HIIT Sprints are short and sharp — half a minute of work against equal or longer rest, repeated. The steady end is what you can afford to do often; the hard end is what you do sparingly.

The three routes differ mainly in control and impact. The gym machines let you set speed, incline or resistance precisely and repeat the same session next week, and cycling in particular puts very little through the knees and ankles. Nothing in this group uses dumbbells — conditioning is not a dumbbell problem. The bodyweight options cost least: shoes for a walk, floor space for burpees, a rope and a few square metres for skipping. What you pay instead is impact and skill, since skipping and sprinting are repeated hard landings, and HIIT Sprints suit someone already running regularly rather than a beginner.

6 cardio exercises

Incline Treadmill Walk

Gym · Cardio

How to do it

  • Set the belt to roughly 5–6 km/h and the incline to 10–12%
  • Let go of the handrails — touch them only to steady yourself
  • Stand tall and walk upright instead of leaning back off the rails
  • Take normal strides; do not overreach to keep up with the belt
  • Drive through the whole foot and push the hips forward each step
  • Pick a pace where talking is possible but takes real effort

Common mistakes

  • Gripping the rails and leaning back — this cuts the work sharply; let go and lower the incline
  • Incline so steep you have to hang on — reduce it until you can walk unsupported
  • Rising onto the toes on the steepest settings — shorten the stride and keep the heels down

Incline walking raises the demand of ordinary walking without the joint impact of running, which is why it suits almost every programme as easy aerobic work. It needs only a treadmill, and beginners can start at a gentle grade before building up. Twenty to forty minutes at a steady, conversational-but-effortful pace two or three times a week works well. Anyone with knee, hip or Achilles complaints should raise the incline gradually, as steep grades load the calf hard.

No gym access? Try Brisk Walk, Stationary Cycling.

Brisk Walk

Bodyweight · Cardio · also called Outdoor walk

How to do it

  • Walk fast enough that holding a conversation takes noticeable effort
  • Stand tall — eyes forward, shoulders relaxed, arms swinging naturally
  • Land on the heel and roll through to push off the toes
  • Take quicker steps rather than longer ones to lift the pace
  • Hold the effort steady for at least 20 minutes at a time
  • Build towards roughly 8,000–10,000 steps across the whole day

Common mistakes

  • Strolling rather than walking briskly — lift the step rate until your breathing deepens
  • Overstriding to go faster — shorten the stride and step more often instead
  • Hunching over a phone — put it away and walk upright

Brisk walking is the simplest way to build aerobic fitness and it needs no equipment beyond shoes, which makes it a sensible default for beginners and a useful recovery-day option for experienced trainees. It places very little stress on the joints, so it can be repeated most days of the week. Thirty to sixty minutes on most days, or several shorter walks totalling the same, fits easily around a lifting programme.

Other ways to train this: Incline Treadmill Walk, Stationary Cycling, Jump Rope.

Jump Rope

Bodyweight · Cardio, Calves · also called Skipping

How to do it

  • Set the rope so the handles reach your armpits when you stand on it
  • Turn the rope from the wrists — keep the elbows close to your ribs
  • Jump only two or three centimetres off the floor
  • Land softly on the balls of your feet with the knees slightly bent
  • Stay tall, eyes forward, and keep the rhythm even rather than rushed
  • Work 30 seconds on and 30 seconds off for eight to ten rounds

Common mistakes

  • Jumping far higher than necessary — barely clear the rope to save energy
  • Swinging from the shoulders — the wrists should do the turning
  • Landing flat and heavy on the heels — stay springy on the forefoot

Skipping trains the heart and lungs while also building calf and foot strength. All it costs is a rope and a few square metres, so it travels well when no gym is available. It suits anyone who can already jump comfortably, though beginners should expect to trip often at first. Short intervals — 30 seconds of work against equal rest, repeated eight to ten times — suit it better than long unbroken sets. Because it is repeated impact, volume is best built slowly where calves, shins or Achilles are sensitive.

Other ways to train this: HIIT Sprints, Burpee, Brisk Walk.

Burpee

Bodyweight · Full Body, Cardio

How to do it

  • Start standing, then squat down and plant both hands on the floor
  • Jump or step your feet back into a straight plank position
  • Keep the hips level with your shoulders — do not let the back sag
  • Lower your chest to the floor, then press back up
  • Hop your feet back under your hips and stand up tall
  • Finish with a small jump, landing softly on bent knees

Common mistakes

  • Letting the lower back sag in the plank — brace the abs and squeeze the glutes
  • Starting far too fast and stalling — pick a pace you can hold every round
  • Landing stiff-legged from the jump — absorb it by bending the knees

The burpee strings a squat, a plank, a press-up and a jump into one movement, so it raises the heart rate quickly and needs no equipment at all — useful for home or travel workouts. It suits people who already have a solid press-up and can land a jump safely. Sets of five to ten reps, repeated for several rounds with short rests, keep the quality high. The jumping and repeated ground contacts load the wrists, knees and lower back, so a stepped-back version is the safer starting point.

Other ways to train this: Jump Rope, HIIT Sprints, Brisk Walk.

Stationary Cycling

Gym · Cardio, Quads

How to do it

  • Set the saddle so your knee stays slightly bent at the bottom of the stroke
  • Sit upright with a light grip on the bars and relaxed shoulders
  • Keep real resistance on the flywheel rather than spinning freely
  • Push down and pull through the whole circle, not just the down-stroke
  • Hold a cadence of roughly 80–100 pedal turns per minute
  • Hold a steady effort for 20–40 minutes, or ride short hard intervals

Common mistakes

  • Pedalling fast against no resistance — add load until the legs feel the work
  • Saddle set too low, which crowds the knees — raise it until the leg nearly straightens
  • Rocking side to side in the saddle — lower the resistance and sit still

Stationary cycling builds aerobic fitness with almost no impact through the joints, which makes it a dependable choice on days when running or jumping is unappealing. It needs a bike, so it is usually a gym or home-equipment option, and the low skill demand suits complete beginners. Twenty to forty minutes at a steady, moderately hard effort works well, and the same bike handles short intervals for anyone wanting harder conditioning. Saddle height matters: too low and the knees take an unnecessary load.

No gym access? Try Incline Treadmill Walk, Brisk Walk, Jump Rope.

HIIT Sprints

Bodyweight · Cardio · also called Interval sprints

How to do it

  • Warm up for at least 10 minutes with easy jogging and drills
  • Build the first two efforts to about 80% before going flat out
  • Run tall — drive the knees forward and the elbows back
  • Sprint hard for 20 seconds, then walk for 60 to 90 seconds
  • Repeat for six to eight rounds, then cool down with easy walking
  • Stop the session once your sprint speed drops noticeably

Common mistakes

  • Sprinting cold — a reliable way to pull a hamstring; warm up thoroughly first
  • Cutting the rest short — take the full recovery so each effort stays fast
  • Adding rounds while the quality falls — end the session instead

Sprint intervals develop the ability to produce and repeat hard efforts, and they compress a strong conditioning stimulus into a short session. They need only a flat stretch of ground, but they are demanding: they suit people with a base of regular running rather than complete beginners. One or two sessions a week of six to eight efforts is plenty alongside lifting. Maximal sprinting is a common cause of hamstring strains, so a long warm-up and a gradual build in speed matter more here than anywhere else.

Other ways to train this: Jump Rope, Burpee, Brisk Walk.

How much should you do?

Cardio is measured in minutes, not sets — there is no strength-versus-size rep range here, and the equivalent choice is duration against intensity. A workable weekly target is roughly 150 minutes of steady moderate work, or about half that if most of it is hard, which is the 150-minute figure most national physical activity guidelines are built around. Split it to fit: three or four sessions of twenty to forty minutes, or daily walks that add up. If you add intervals, one or two sessions of six to ten rounds is plenty alongside lifting. Progress comes from repeating a session at slightly higher speed, incline or resistance, not from adding rounds until the quality falls apart. Starting fitness, age, joints and lifting volume all shift these numbers, so treat them as a first draft rather than a prescription.

Common questions

Will cardio interfere with building strength or muscle?

It depends on how much and what kind. Modest amounts — walking, easy cycling, a couple of short interval sessions — sit alongside lifting without much trouble. Interference tends to show up when hard cardio is long, frequent and uses the same muscles you are trying to train, which is why Stationary Cycling before a leg session is a worse idea than after it. Separating the two by a few hours, or putting cardio on non-lifting days, removes most of the conflict.

Is walking enough, or do I need intervals?

For general health and a base of aerobic fitness, walking is genuinely enough, and Brisk Walk is the one option here you can repeat most days without piling up joint stress. Intervals are not a replacement but an addition: they train the ability to produce and repeat hard efforts, and they compress the work into a short session. If time is your constraint, HIIT Sprints or Jump Rope do more per minute. If consistency is your constraint, walking wins, because you will actually do it.

Which of these cardio exercises are easiest on the joints?

Stationary Cycling and Incline Treadmill Walk are the gentlest, because neither has an airborne phase and so there is no landing to absorb; Brisk Walk is similarly easy on the joints. Jump Rope, Burpee and HIIT Sprints are all repeated impact, and their volume is best built up slowly rather than jumped into. Steep treadmill inclines also load the calves and Achilles hard, so raise the grade gradually. Persistent pain is a question for a clinician, not a programme tweak.

Should I do cardio before or after lifting weights?

After lifting in most cases, or in a separate session. Five to ten minutes of easy walking or cycling beforehand is a warm-up and helps, but a hard interval session before you lift leaves you weaker for the sets that matter. If conditioning is your actual priority, reverse the order and accept that the lifting will suffer a little. On a day given over to one or the other, the question disappears.

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